|
|
| Ecology |
|
The study of the interactions of organisms with their environment and with each other.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ecosystem |
|
The organisms in a plant population and the biotic and abiotic factors which impact on them. See abiotic factors; Biotic factors.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| electrophores |
|
Alternate forms of a gene or DNA sequence, which occur on either of two homologous chromosomes in a diploid organism. (See DNA polymorphism.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Electrophoresis |
|
The technique of separating charged mol- ecules in a matrix to which is applied an electrical field. (See Agarose gell electrophoresis, Polycrylamide gell electrophoresis.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Electroporation |
|
A method for transforrning DNA, especially useful for plant cells, in which high voltage pulses of electricity are used to open pores in cell membranes, through which foreign DNA can pass.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Encapsidation |
|
Process by which a virus' nucleic acid is enclosed in a capsid. See Coat protein.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Endonuclease |
|
Process by which a virus' nucleic acid is enclosed in a capsid. See Coat protein.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Endophyte |
|
An organism that lives inside another.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Environmental Protection |
|
The U.S. regulatory agency for biotechnology of microbes. The major laws under which the agency has regulatory powers are the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA); and the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Enzymes |
|
Proteins that control the various steps in all chemical reactions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| EPA |
|
See Environmental Protection Agency.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Escherichia coli |
|
A commensal bacterium inhabiting the human colon that is widely used in biology, both as a simple model of cell biochemical function and as a host for molecular cloning experiments.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ethidium bromide |
|
A fluorescent dye used to stain DNA and RNA. The dye fluoresces when exposed to UV light.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Eukaryote |
|
An organism whose cells possess a nucleus and other membrane-bound vesicles, including all members of the protist, fungi, plant and animal kingdoms; and excluding viruses, bacteria, and blue-green algae. See Prokaryote.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Evolution |
|
The long-term process through which a population of organisms accumulats genetic changes that enable its members to successfully adapt to environmental conditions and to better exploit food resources.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Exon |
|
A DNA sequence that is ultimately translated into protein. See DNA.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Exonuclease |
|
See Nuclease.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Express |
|
To translate a gene's message into a molecular product.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Expression library |
|
(See Library.)
|
|
|
|
